Much of the APA's style guidance covers fairly clear-cut issues, such as punctuation and formula presentation.

There also exists a large segment of information that deals with the style and function of more complex expression. Knowing how to write without bias, for instance, or what constitutes ethical publication can elude newcomers and longtime authors alike.

Here we offer extended discussions of some of these complex issues. We've also included some of the nuts-and-bolts advice on how to reference electronic media. Standards are changing so rapidly that they also merit focused, in-depth discussion.

The electronic media and reference sections will be updated regularly as APA guidelines evolve.

We also have tips on specific questions.

Removing Bias in Language
Disabilities
Race & Ethnicity
Sexuality

Electronic Media
Electronic Media and URLs
Electronic Media Spelling Guide

Authorship Aids
Ethics of Publication
Determining Authorship: Students