This page reflects guidance from the sixth edition of the Publication Manual.
This page reflects guidance from the sixth edition of the Publication Manual.
to enclose the values that are the limits of a confidence interval.
to enclose parenthetical material that is already within parentheses.
to enclose material inserted in a quotation by some person other than the original writer.
to include nonroutine information in a reference
Example:
Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast].
Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com
Exception 1: Do not use brackets if the material can be set off easily with commas without confounding meaning:
Exception 2: In mathematical material, the placement of brackets and parentheses is reversed; that is, parentheses appear within brackets.
(adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, © 2010)
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