This page contains reference examples for the following common diagnostic manuals:
- Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
- Edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
- Entry in the DSM
- Entry in the ICD
References for diagnostic manuals follow the format for books, and references for entries in diagnostic manuals follow the format for edited book chapters.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.).
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.).
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890420614.dsm-ivopens in new window
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890420249.dsm-iv-tropens in new window
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596opens in new window
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787opens in new window
- Parenthetical citations: (American Psychiatric Association, 1980, 1987, 1994, 2000, 2013, 2022)
- Narrative citations: American Psychiatric Association (1980, 1987, 1994, 2000, 2013, 2022)
- Because the author and the publisher are the same, “American Psychiatric Association” is written only in the author element.
- Provide a DOI when the diagnostic manual has one.
- For editions of the DSM without DOIs, the reference ends after the title because the author and publisher are the same and thus the publisher is omitted to avoid repetition.
2. Edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
World Health Organization. (2016). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th ed.). https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/enopens in new window
World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/opens in new window
- Parenthetical citations: (World Health Organization, 2016, 2019)
- Narrative citations: World Health Organization (2016, 2019)
- Because the author and the publisher are the same, “World Health Organization” is written only in the author element to avoid repetition.
- Because the ICD is available online and does not have a DOI, provide a URL.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05
- Parenthetical citation: (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
- Narrative citation: American Psychiatric Association (2013)
World Health Organization. (2019). 2A85.5 Mantle cell lymphoma. In International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/https://id.who.int/icd/entity/1804127841opens in new window
- Parenthetical citation: (World Health Organization, 2019)
- Narrative citation: World Health Organization (2019)
Learn more
References to diagnostic manuals and entries are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Sections 10.2 and 10.3 and the Concise Guide Section 10.2 and 10.3
