This page contains reference examples for white papers, including the following:
1. White paper with a group author
Department for Business Innovation & Skills. (2016). Success as a knowledge economy: Teaching excellent, social mobility and student choice [White paper]. Crown. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523396/bis-16-265-success-as-a-knowledge-economy.pdf
- Parenthetical citation: (Department for Business Innovation & Skills, 2016)
- Narrative citation: Department for Business Innovation & Skills (2016)
- A white paper is a persuasive document that is written by a person or group to convince readers of their position and philosophy on a topic.
- Include the description “[White paper]” in square brackets after the title of the white paper.
2. White paper with individual authors
Furst, M., & DeMillo, R. A. (2006). Creating symphonic-thinking computer science graduates for an increasingly competitive global environment [White paper]. Georgia Tech College of Computing. https://cis.temple.edu/~giorgio/threads_whitepaper.pdf
- Parenthetical citation: (Furst & DeMillo, 2006)
- Narrative citation: Furst and DeMillo (2006)
White paper references follow the same format as reports, which are covered in Section 10.4 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition
This guidance has been revised from the 6th edition.